1954-1965,sau gio nevo,dong khoi,cuoc hop 3,5 nam,chien tranh dac biet

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XAY DUNG CHU NGHIA XA HOI O MIEN BAC, DAU TRANH CHONG DE QUOC MY VA CHINH QUYEN SAI GON O MIEN NAM (1954–1965)
I- TINH HINH VA NHIEM VU CACH MANG NUOC TA SAU HIEP DINH GIONEVO NAM 1954 VE DONG DUONG
1. Tinh hinh nuoc ta sau hiep dinh Gionevo
- Ngay 16 – 5 – 1955, Phap rut khoi dao Cat Ba, mien Bac duoc hoan toan giai phong.
- Thang 5 – 1956, Phap rut quan khoi mien Nam khi chua thuc hien cuoc tong tuyen cu thong nhat dat nuoc.
- O mien Nam, Mi thay the Phap o mien Nam, dung len chinh quyen tay sai Ngo Dinh Diem, thuc hien am muu chia cat Viet Nam, bien mien Nam Viet Nam thanh thuoc dia kieu moi va can cu quan su cua Mi o Dong Nam A.
2. Nhiem vu cach mang Viet Nam
- Mien Bac: Khoi phuc kinh te, dua mien Bac tien len chu nghia xa hoi.
- Mien Nam: Tiep tuc cuoc cach mang dan toc dan chu nhan dan, thong nhat dat nuoc.
+ Moi quan he cua cach mang hai mien: Mien Bac la hau phuong co vai tro quyet dinh nhat, con mien Nam la tien tuyen co vai tro quyet dinh truc tiep trong viec thuc hien nhiem vu chung.
II – MIEN BAC HOAN THANH CAI CACH RUONG DAT, KHOI PHUC KINH TE, CAI TAO QUAN HE SAN XUAT (1954 – 1960)
1. Hoan thanh cai cach ruong dat, khoi phuc kinh te, han gan vet thuong chien tranh (1954 - 1957)
a. Hoan thanh cai cach ruong dat
- Tu 1954 - 1956 mien Bac dien ra dot 6 giam to va 4 dot cai cach ruong dat.
- Ket qua: 81 van ha ruong dat, 10 van trau bo va 1,8 trieu nong cu chia cho 2 trieu ho nong dan.Khoi lien minh cong nong duoc cung co.
b. Khoi phuc kinh te, han gan vet thuong chien tranh
- Nong nghiep: Khan hoang, sua chua de dieu, Den cuoi 1957, san luong luong thuc dat gan 4 trieu tan, nan doi can ban duoc giai quyet.
- Cong nghiep: Khoi phuc va mo rong cac nha may bi pha hong, xay dung them mot so nha may moi. .
- Thu cong nghiep va thuong nghiep: Duoc nhanh chong khoi phuc bao dam cung cap nhieu mat hang cho nhan dan.
- Giao thong van tai: Khoi phuc tuyen duong sat, sua chua va lam moi hang nghin km duong o to.
- Van hoa, giao duc: Duoc day manh, , thanh lap mot so truong dai hoc...
- He thong y te: Cham lo suc khoe cho nhan dan duoc nha nuoc quan tam xay dung.
2. Cai tao quan he san xuat, buoc dau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi (1958 - 1960)
- Day manh cai tao xa hoi chu nghia trong tat ca cac nganh kinh te, chu yeu la hop tac hoa nong nghiep.
- Buoc dau phat trien kinh te-xa hoi, trong tam la phat trien thanh phan kinh te quoc doanh.
Ket qua: Cuoi 1960, mien Bac co:
- 85% ho nong dan voi 70% ruong dat vao hop tac xa nong nghiep.
- 95% ho tu san vao cong tu hop doanh.
- 172 xi nghiep trng uong quan li, hon 500 xi nghiep dia phuong quan li.
III – MIEN NAM DAU TRANH CHONG CHE DO MI – DIEM, GIU GIN VA PHAT TRIEN LUC LUONG CACH MANG, TIEN TOI “DONG KHOI” (1954 – 1960)
1. Dau tranh chong che do Mi - Diem, giu gin va phat trien luc luong cach mang (1954 - 1959)
Chu truong ta
Tu 1954 cach mang mien Nam chuyen sang dau tranh chinh tri chong Mi -Diem.
Muc dich
Doi thi hanh hiep dinh Gionevo, bao ve hoa binh, giu gin va phat trien luc luong cach mang.
Dien bien
- Thang 8 - 1954, co “phong trao hoa binh” cua tri thuc va cac tang lop nhan dan Sai Gon - Cho Lon.
- My - Diem tang cuong khung bo, dan ap nhung phong trao van tiep tuc dang cao, lan rong den Hue - Da Nang loi cuon moi tang lop nhan dan tham gia.
- Phong trao chuyen tudau tranh chinh tri ket hop dau tranh vu trang.
2. Phong trao “Dong Khoi” (1959 - 1960)
a. Nguyen nhan
- Trong nhung nam 1957 – 1959, Mi – Diem tang cuong khung bo, dan ap cach mang, ban hanh dao luat dat cong san ngoai vong phap luat va ra Luat 10/59 cong khai chem giet lam cho cach mang mien Nam gap nhieu kho khan, ton that.
- Thang 1 – 1959, Hoi nghi lan 15 Ban chap hanh trung uong Dang quyet dinh de nhan dan mien Nam su dung bao luc cach mang de lat do chinh quyen Mi – Diem.
b. Dien bien
- Ngay 17 -1- 1960,duoi su lanh dao cua Tinh uy Ben Tre, “Dong khoi” no ra o huyen Mo Cay( Ben Tre)sau do nhanh chong lan ra toan tinh Ben Tre, pha vo tung mang lon chinh quyen cua dich.
- Dong khoi nhanh chong lan ra khap Nam Bo,Tay Nguyen…den nam 1960, ta da lam chu nhieu thon, xa o Nam Bo, ven bien Trung Bo va Tay nguyen.
- Ta lam chu: Nam Bo 600 xa, Trung Bo 904 thon, Tay Nguyen 3200 thon.
- Thang loi cua “Dong khoi”dan den su ra doi cua Mat tran Dan tocgiai phong mien Nam Viet Nam ngay 20-12-1960.
c. Y nghia
- Phong trao “Dong khoi” da giang mot don nang ne vao chinh sach thuc dan moi cua Mi, lam lung lay tan goc chinh quyen tay sai Ngo Dinh Diem.
- Danh dau buoc phat trien cua cach mang MN chuyen tu the giu gin luc luong sang the tien cong.
IV – MIEN BAC XAY DUNG BUOC DAU CO SO VAT CHAT – KI THUAT CUA CHU NGHIA XA HOI (1961 – 1965)
1. Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu III cua Dang (9 – 1960)
Noi dung
De ra nhiem vu chien luoc cua cach mang ca nuoc va nhiem vu cua cach mang tung mien:
- Mien Bac: Cach mang xa hoi chu nghia, co vai tro quyet dinh nhat doi voi su phat trien cua cach mang ca nuoc.
- Mien Nam: cach mang dan toc dan chu nhan dan, co vai tro quyet dinh truc tiep doi voi su nghiep giai phong Mien Nam.thanh cuoc cach mang dan toc dan chu nhan dan tro
- Cach mang 2 mien co quan he mat thiet, gan bo va tac dong lan nhau nham thuc hien hoa binh thong nhat dat nuoc
- Dai hoi thong qua Bao cao chinh tri, Bao cao sua doi Dieu le Dang va thong qua ke hoach 5 nam lan thu nhat (1961 – 1965).
2. Mien Bac thuc hien ke hoach Nha nuoc 5 nam (1961 – 1965)
Nhiem vu co ban cua ke hoach 5 nam
- Phat trien cong nghiep va nong nghiep, tiep tuc cai tao xa hoi chu nghia.
- Cung co va tang cuong kinh te quoc doanh.
- Cung co quoc phong, tang cuong trat tu an ninh xa hoi.
Thanh tuu
- Nong nghiep: Xay dung hop tac xa nong nghiep bac cao, ap dung khoa hoc – ki thuat vao san xuat. Nhieu hop tac xa dat nang suat lua 5 tan/ha.
- Cong nghiep: Uu tien von dau tu xay dung
- Thuong nghiep quoc doanh duoc uu tien phat trien, cai thien doi song nhan dan.
- Giao thong van tai: Duoc cung co.
- Giao duc: He thong giao duc tu pho thong den dai hoc phat trien nhanh.
- He thong y te duoc dau tu phat trien.
V – MIEN NAM CHIEN DAU CHONG CHIEN LUOC “CHIEN TRANH DAC BIET” CUA DE QUOC MI (1961 – 1965)
1. Chien luoc “Chien tranh dac biet” cua Mi o mien Nam
a. Hoan canh
Sau phong trao “Dong khoi”, phong trao dau tranh chinh tri ket hop vu trang o Mien Nam van duy tri va phat trien. Mi buoc phai chuyen sang thuc hien chien luoc “Chien tranh dac biet” (1961 – 1965).
b. Am muu
- “Chien tranh dac biet” la hinh thuc chien tranh xam luoc thuc dan moi duoc tien hanh bang quan doi Sai gon, duoi su chi huy cua he thong co van My, dua vao vu khi, trang bi ky thuat, phuong tien chien tranh cua My nham chong lai cac luc luong cach mang va nhan dan ta.
- Am muu co ban cua “Chien tranh dac biet” la “dung nguoi Viet danh nguoi Viet”.
c. Thu doan
- Ke hoach Xtalay – Taylo nham binh dinh mien Nam trong vong 18 thang (1961 - 1963).
- Ke hoach Gionxon – Macnamara binh dinh mien Nam co trong diem trong 2 nam (1964 - 1965).
- Mi tang cuong vien tro quan su cho chinh quyen Diem, dua co van quan su Mi,
- Tang nhanh luc luong quan doi Sai Gon.
- Tien hanh don dan lap “ap chien luoc”.
- Trang bi phuong tien chien tranh hien dai “truc thang van”, “thiet xa van”.
- Mo nhieu cuoc hanh quan can quet nham tieu diet luc luong cach mang, pha hoai mien Bac.
2. Mien Nam chien dau chong chien luoc “Chien tranh dac biet” cua Mi
a. Chu truong cua ta- Tien
- Ket hop dau tranh chinh tri voi dau tranh vu trang, noi day tien cong dich tren ca ba vung chien luoc, bang ba mui giap cong (chinh tri, quan su, binh van).
- Dap ung yeu cau phat trien cua cach mang mien Nam, thang 1 - 1961, Trung uong cuc mien Nam ra doi; thang 2 – 1961, cac luc luong vu trang thong nhat thanh Quan giai phong mien Nam.
b. Thang loi cua quan dan mien Nam
Tren mat tran chong “Binh dinh”
- Cuoc dau tranh chong va pha ap chien luoc dien ra gay go quyet liet giua ta va dich. Den cuoi 1962 tren nua tong so ap va 70% nong dan van do cach mang kiem soat.
- Den giua nam 1965, chi con kiem soat 2.200 ap. Ap chien luoc “xuong song” cua “chien tranh dac biet” bi pha san ve co ban.
Tren mat tran dau tranh chinh tri
- Phong trao dau tranh chinh tri dien ra soi noi o cac do thi lon nhu: Hue, Da Nang, Sai Gon thu hut dong dao quan chung tham gia, nhat phu nu, tang ni, phat tu, hoc sinh – sinh vien.
- Phong trao da gop phan day nhanh qua trinh suy sup cua chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem, buoc Mi phai dao chinh lat do Diem – Nhu (1-11-1963).
Tren mat tran quan su
- Ngay 2 – 1 – 1963, quan dan ta gianh thang loi vang doi o tran Ap Bac (My Tho), danh bai cuoc hanh quan can quet cua hon 2.000 quan doi Sai Gon co co van Mi chi huy. Sau tran Ap Bac, khap mien Nam da day len phong trao “thi dua Ap Bac giet giac lap cong”.
- Dong xuan 1964-1965,ta chien thang Binh Gia (Ba ria) . Tiep do la thang loi o An Lao, Ba Gia, Dong Xoai, lam pha san co ban chien luoc “Chien tranh dac biet” cua Mi .